Poor oral hygiene and periodontal disease contribute to a gingival recession. Gingival fenestration means the exposure of the tooth due to loss of the overlying bone and gingiva. Although mitigating the causes of gingival recession decreases its incidence and severity, implementing practical management and prevention strategies in the clinical setting can be challenging. Information from the centers for disease control and prevention about the causes of periodontal disease, its warning signs, risk factors, and prevention and treatment. Some people may be more susceptible to gum disease. There is no evidence on the fact that orthodontic treatment alone might induce gingival recession, although it might lead the. Its causes and types, and the importance of orthodontic treatment article pdf available in dental press journal of orthodontics 2. Gingival hyperplasia is an overgrowth of gum tissue around the teeth. Table 101 lists the most common causes of generalised gingival recession, but this chapter will limit discussion to recession associated with underlying systemic diseases. Nov 20, 2018 once patients are educated on the causes of gingival recession, implement a preventive treatment that will work in the best interest of the patient.
Root caries classification, causes, clinical features. Coverage of gingival fenestration using modified pouch and. Similarly, gorman 5 found that the frequency of gingival recession increased with age and was greater in men than in women of the same age. Gum disease when you suffer from gum disease, there is an active infection under the surface of your gums between them and your teeth. Gingival recession is recognized by shrinking gums so that the roots of the teeth are being exposed. It is also known as chronic trauma, especially due to inappropriate daily brushing, and it physically wounds gingival tissues figs 2, 3, 6. The miller classification is designed to assist in the planning of gingival coverage procedures.
Gingival recession on the labial aspect of both maxillary central incisors, which extended apically to about onehalf of the root length. Untreated it may cause exposed roots to become tender or infected, causing great pain to the patient. The principal objective in the treatment of gingival recession is to cover the exposed root. In normal conditions, a gum tissue forms to cover the bone, but if the developing bone doesnt have the normal thickness or if it is absent on one side of the tooth, the gum tissue formed this way will be thin and sensitive. This can lead to exposure of the roots of the teeth and increased tooth sensitivity. Receding gums causes or gingival recession causes although a lot of patient think about receding gums like a disorder which only happens later in life, that is not correct. Gum recession is the process in which the margin of the gum tissue that surrounds the teeth wears away, or pulls back, exposing more of the tooth, or.
Gingival recession can be caused by periodontal disease, accumulations, inflamma tion, improper flossing, aggressive tooth brushing, incorrect. Outcome at the end of this chapter the reader will be aware of the limited range of conditions that give rise to localised gingival recession and be able to recognise when referral may be prudent. Gum recession can cause problems for your dental health. Partial correlation coefficients across tooth types between recession and calculus, adjusting for abrasion, and for recession and abrasion adjusting for calculus, were 0. Treating gingival recession over the last few years dentistry has. Gingival recession receding gums refers to the progressive loss of gum tissue, which can eventually result in tooth root exposure if left untreated. Orthodontic treatment is able to prevent recession and even contribute to its treatment, with or without periodontal approach, depending on the type and severity of gingival tissue damage. The term atrophy makes reference to all processes of cell lesion characterized by a decrease in volume and cell population of a given organ or tissue, resulting from sublethal cell aggression, such as hypoxia, mechanical compression, local reduced vascularization, among others.
Gingival recession can be caused by periodontal disease, accumulations, inflammation, improper flossing, aggressive tooth brushing, incorrect occlusal relationships, and dominant roots. If you have gum recession, your dentist can help you understand the causes and recommend a treatment. You can have a healthy mouth and prac tice good oral hygiene, and yet experi ence a condition called gingival. Periodontitis is caused by bacteria found in dental plaque and. These can appear as localized or generalized gingival recession. Recession can occur with or without loss of attached tissue. Gingival recession is associated with oral exposure of the root surface due to a displacement of the gingival margin apical to the cementoenamel junction. Progressive gingival recession also increases the risk of tooth loss secondary to clinical attachment loss. Once preventive treatment has been implemented, we evaluate and document for changes or concerns.
Gingival recession can lead to root exposure and increased tooth sensitivity. In a tooth with gum recession, the gum tissue has pulled away from the tooth. Apr 23, 20 receding gums causes or gingival recession causes although a lot of patient think about receding gums like a disorder which only happens later in life, that is not correct. Malpositioned teeth and toothbrush trauma were found to be. There is no evidence on the fact that orthodontic treatment alone might induce gingival recession. Where gingival recession has developed, the underlying presence of dehiscences may be considered and possibly discovered during flap procedures. Diagnosis and treatment of gingival recession decisions in. Gum recession is most common in adults over the age of 40, but the process can begin in the teenage years. Different gingival grafting techniques have been proposed to treat gingival recession, including the lateral sliding flaps, coronally positioned flaps and connective tissue grafts, resulting in mean root coverage of 65 to 98 percent. Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is an infection of the tissues that surround your teeth, and is caused by a buildup of plaque. Most of these conditions are uncommon and patients should be referred for specialist management, rather than being managed in general practice.
Gingival recession, exposure of the root surface due to apical migration of the gingival margin, affects a signi. Interpretation of the %ra as a crude measure of forceful brushing is supported by its strong negative correlation across tooth types, with mean debris r. Causes and predisposing factors for gingival recession jkcd june 2019, vol. Gum recession is the process in which the margin of the gum tissue that surrounds the teeth wears away, or pulls back, exposing more of the tooth, or the tooths root. Gingival recession can be caused by periodontal disease, accumulations, in. This article describes the nature and causes of gingival recession and presents several treatment therapies aimed at correcting it.
Gingival recession is the exposure of root surfaces due to apical migration of the gingival tissue margins. Tongue and lip rings can cause trauma to the marginal gingiva as can iatrogenic damage from scaling or other dental treatment and factitious habits, such as using. The gingival morphology and tissue biotype have an influence on the likelihood of recession occurring. Gingival recession an overview sciencedirect topics. Gum recession is a major concern for many of our patients due to the poor esthetics and the possibility of sensitivity and decay. Amount and thickness of existing keratinized gingiva in the area of recession 4. The periodontal chart will give a map of how much pocketing and attachment loss there is around the mouth. The distance between the cej and gingival margin gives the level of recession. Recession is measured by the distance from the cej to the gingival margin, but the gingival margin in health typically covers mm of the crown and does not rest at the cej. When teeth are healthy, gum tissue fits around each tooth like a.
Once patients are educated on the causes of gingival recession, implement a preventive treatment that will work in the best interest of the patient. Gum periodontal disease causes, symptoms, diagnosis. Oct 02, 2012 gingival recession is the exposure of root surfaces due to apical migration of the gingival tissue margins. In fact, studies show that 30% of the population may be predisposed to gum disease. Causes of the incipient recession in 2020 include the impact of covid19 and the preceding decade of extreme monetary stimulus that left the economy vulnerable to. Causes and prevention periodontitis is a term used to describe a group of conditions that involves inflammation of the gums and other structures that support the teeth. Jan 15, 2015 this chapter aims to outline the principal causes of localised gingival recession, including those associated with underlying systemic disease. Gingival recession, classification for gingival recession, palatal recession. This chapter aims to outline the principal causes of localised gingival recession, including those associated with underlying systemic disease. As for the gingival recession, if the recession is not much it can be left alone and ask the patient to maintain good oral hygiene to not worsen it further. Gingival recession, classification for gingival recession, palatal recession introduction. Recession of gingiva usually occurs in patients that dont have periodontitis or gum disease. May 28, 2017 gingival recession is limited to one tooth or extends to multiple teeth 2. In gingival recession cases, the first mechanism responsible for causing apical gingival migration is loss of bone support offered by the alveolar bone crest fig 1.
Gingival recession has direct causes and predisposing factors. Studies have shown that 50% of people between 1864 years of age have one or more sites with recession and 23. Gingival recession journal of the american dental association. The presence of gingival recession amongst subjects with a good standard of oral hygiene suggests that the aetiology is complex and multifactorial joshipura et al. When teeth are healthy, gum tissue fits around each tooth like a cuff. Traumatically using the tooth brush as well as other oral hygiene agents over delicate gingival margins on a daily basis might gradually and slowly lead to gingival recession over the years. How to stop gingival recession or receding gums treatment.
Apr 15, 2020 causes of the incipient recession in 2020 include the impact of covid19 and the preceding decade of extreme monetary stimulus that left the economy vulnerable to economic shocks. Gingival fenestration defects are a rare phenomenon. What to do about receding gums trusted health products. The diagnosis and examination of periodontal disease. Gingival recession is the apical migration of gingival margin to the cementoenamel junction cej. Gingival recession, classification, treatment options. Whether the area of recession protrudes labially from the dental arch 5. The etiology and prevalence of gingival recession sciencedirect. Sometimes it happens even if a person takes good care of his or her teeth. Gum recession is a common problem in adults over the age of 40, but it may also occur starting from the age of a teenager, or around the age of 10. Apr 04, 2016 gingival recession is represented by atrophic periodontal changes. Gingival recession or receding gums is a condition where the gum tissue that covers the coronal portion of the tooth is reduced or lost. Gingival recession and root caries in the ageing population. Gingival recession can be defined as the displacement of the marginal tissue apical to the cementoenamel junction cej see aap glossary of terms.
Many different reasons can result in this form of periodontal condition, which makes it easy for patients of every age group and genders to encounter recession of the gums. Periodontitis is caused by bacteria found in dental plaque and often, but not always, starts as gingivitis. Gingival recession gr is the term that designates the oral exposure of the root. Gingival recession can be caused by periodontal disease, accumulations, inflammation, improper flossing, aggressive tooth brushing, incorrect occlusal relationships. The interdental gingiva of mesial and distal aspects of both central incisors had relatively. Gingival recession and root caries will become more prevalent as patients retain their teeth for longer. The interdental gingiva of mesial and distal aspects of both central incisors had relatively normal appearance and was at normal position. However, receding gums can also happen in people with good oral hygiene. Though treatment of mucosal fenestration occurring in association with chronic periapical inflammation has been reported previously, the occurrence and treatment of gingival fenestration have not been documented in great detail. Gingival recession, also known as receding gums, is the exposure in the roots of the teeth caused by a loss of gum tissue andor retraction of the gingival margin from the crown of the teeth.
Jun 28, 2014 gingival recession on the labial aspect of both maxillary central incisors, which extended apically to about onehalf of the root length. Gingival recession pathophysiology can be divided into the following. If the gingival recession is more than 56mm from the cervical region of the tooth, referring the patient to a periodontist would be the best option to position the gingiva correctly. Treating gingival recession over the last few years. Gingival recession is represented by atrophic periodontal changes. Pdf one of the most common esthetic concerns associated with the periodontal tissues is gingival recession.
Gingival recession associated with orthodontic treatment and root. Although it rarely results in tooth loss, marginal tissue recession is associated with thermal and tactile sensitivity, esthetic complaints, and a tendency toward root caries. There are a number of causes for this condition, but its often a symptom of poor oral hygiene or a side effect of using. The relation between the gingival recession area and smile line 6. Management and prevention of gingival recession merijohn. Sep 23, 2011 gingival recession is the displacement of the gingival soft tissue margin apical to the cementoenamel junction which results in exposure of the root surface. Root caries classification, causes, clinical features and. Gingival recession occurs when the location of the gingival margin lies.
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